GIS | Geographical Information System | GIS applications | Learn GIS | GIS training | Features of GIS | Advantages of GIS | Definition of GIS | Components of GIS | GIS in India

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GIS for You

Watershed GIS

GIS for You: STUDY
You have read most of basic introduction of GIS on previous page. Let us read few more relevant details:

			A quick revision and definition of GIS
			The components of GIS
			Advantages and features of GIS
			A comparison of Paper-maps vs GIS-maps
			How to formulate GIS

A quick revision and definition of GIS

A GIS is such a system that has digitized map, with lot other features for convenience to use the maps and ofcourse has the data attached very much. What kind of database - if you ask. Well, it is your standard database obviously. Of excel, Access, Oracle, Open Source Data, or anything.

GIS powers are many, it has map modification facilities, map superimposition facilities, map querying facilities, analysis facilities and so on. So actually it is a much advanced system.

You may explore all this once you have a GIS package on your PC. So go and grab one, if you don't have it.

Now, coming to theoretic definitions of GIS:

Definitions: As regards its Definition, if you want to mug up:
“GIS IS A COMPUTERISED INFORMATION STORAGE, PROCESSING AND RETRIEVAL SYSTEM, THAT HAS HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE SPECIALLY DESIGNED TO COPE WITH GEO GRAPHICALLY REFERENCED SPATIAL DATA AND CORRESPONDING ATTRIBUTE INFORMATION”

			“GIS is an integrated system of software, hardware, a reason, man-power to manage topographic, demographic, utility, facility, image and other resource data which is all geographically referenced.” "GIS may also be said to be a system with features to assemble, store, manipulate, and display geographically referenced information”.

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The components of GIS

	Hardware
	All the equipment required for collection of data, analysis, etc. forms the Hardware component. Data collection uses digitizer for storing printed maps to digital maps. A GPS assists to obtain data in the field. There may be scanners, plotters forming part of peripheral devices.

	Software
	These are special software, exclusive GIS softwares which have several features to store, retrieve, edit or modify, reproduce maps. These also have features of querying and analysis. A standard GIS package in the market is available at high to very high costs, but there are cheaper versions and Free downloadable versions also. Some of packages available in the market are ArcInfo, MapInfo, AutoCAD Map, etc. To know details of softwares on GIS, names and availability of brands and about the free downloadable GIS do keep reading other pages on the mpgis.co.nr.

	Data
	Data forms the core of a GIS. The data attached to maps is called as attributes. You may attach any kind of standard database that is easily imported into GIS software.

	The Reason for the GIS
	You have to have a purpose and reason nehind making a GIS. Say you may do it for management of data for activities of Agriculture, Forest, Town Plan etc. etc. There must be a clear understanding about as to what would go into GIS as maps and data. What use are you gping to put to. So remember, unless this part is defined before hand, you are not making any GIS.

	The People
	The people required would be experts and end-users who would from the discipline for which GIS is forming. There shall be other lot of persons also say the operators, the GIS analyst, the Remote Sensing persons etc. This type of Man power and people also form part of the GIS.

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Advantages and features of GIS

	ADVANTAGES OF GIS		Features of a GIS
	•Organised databases •Quick retrieval and updation of data •Easy to perceive •Inter-relation •Data integration •Queries •Comparative analyses •Minimum area - large set of data •Large area - minimum set of data.		•Data storage, retrieval, display •Data linkage •Geo-coding and geo-sorting •Network analysis •Spatial analysis •Transformation of data •Synthesis and integration of data •Updation of data •Reproduction

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Comparision of Paper-maps vs GIS-maps

	ADVANTAGES OF PAPER MAP		ADVANTAGES of DIGITAL GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SYSTEM
	- EASY TO DISTRIBUTE - TRANSPORTABLE - EASY TO USE - EASY TO STANDARDIZE - FAMILIAR - LOW TECHNOLOGY REQUIREMENTS		• EFFICIENT STORAGE OF MANY LAYERS AND LARGE DATA BASES • FAST DATA RETRIEVAL AND UPDATE • LOW MAINTENANCE AND EXTRACTION COST PER DATA UNIT • GRAPHIC AND ATTRIBUTE INFORMATION • CAN BE MERGED AND MANIPULATED • INTERACTIVE GRAPHICS DESIGN AND MAP COMPOSITION • ANALYTICAL PROCESSES NOW PRACTICAL INPUT SCALE INDEPENDENT

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HOW TO FORMULATE A GIS?

·Assess the need first : Do we really need it? Is the data spatial? Is the area large? Is it often required to view things collectively? Is it heterogeneous data? etc. etc.

·Define area and get it in cartographic form - maps

·Define data sets that are location specific; get data and get their situation.

·Place or attach or link the data to maps - each set separately available as separate maps or layers.

·Define rules of accessing database in form of queries.

·Test by combining data sets (layers) to determine inter-relationship.

·Analyse various data sets independently and collectively.

·THINK … THINK & THINK on possible uses

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The detailed science of Maps:

Having map in hand is an outcome of very detailed technical process which yields a map that talks geometry of Earth with precision. The maps have scales and they have lot other standards which one must try to understand to understand significance of Mapping. [...Read on] Important Notes on Maps

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OTHER USEFUL INFORMATION ON GIS TRAINING OPPORTUNITIES

Important: This page presents picks from the Indian and other websites from the globe. The names of the companies/organisations carrying out these training programmes are also given alongwith. There is, as such, no special criteria of selection and providing link here. The editorial team and the supporting technical staff found these examples worth quoting due to the technical variety and relevance to beginners or users of GIS. Any programme being missed out or not given place here, is absolutely unintentional, and the designers, the editorial team along with support staff for the website, in no case, must be held responsible for this. However, we shall welcome addition of new suitable material if any one refers to us and if you want to do so, please feel free to ask for it giving the URL.

Project of UNESCO on GIS training:

Training Module on the Applications of GIS for On-line Governance and Accessing Public Domain Information...__(...Read on)

GIS LOUNGE - A website for GIS learning

Online lessons in a wide range of subject matters for learning GIS. Take an introduction to GIS class. Other subject matters include using Census data in GIS and an Introduction to Hydrology. Tutorial for learning about spatial data, its usefulness, accessibility and the national infrastructure (NSDI) which supports it... (...Read on)

Indian Institute of Remote Sensing, Dehradun:

	Although formerly known as the Indian Photo-Interpretation Institute (IPI), the IIRS was set up in 1966 under the patronage of the Survey of India to provide hands-on training of emerging remote sensing technology. The success of satellite remote sensing in early 1970's created a need for personnel trained in the utilization of remote sensing technology. The IIRS was then merged with the National Remote Sensing Agency (NRSA)] in July 1976. This is now renamed as NRSC.
	COURSES OFFERED BY IIRS		The next decade saw the emergence of remote sensing as a powerful tool for natural resource survey and management, and in 1980 the NRSA was put under the umbrella of the Indian Government's Department of Space. The main focus of the IIRS is training and education in the field of geoinformatic. Technology and applications of Remote Sensing, GIS and GPS are taught in the form of training and education at various levels (decision making level to working level or fresh post graduate level).
	Certificate courses Specialised courses PG Diploma course
	M.Sc. M.Tech. and Ph.D. courses are also offered by the IIRS, Dehradun, India.

NRSA - Training at NRSA, Balanagar:

NRSA [now known as NRSC] has organized training activities to train professionals, scientists as well as decision makers on Remote Sensing and GIS. A dedicated training center, Indian Institute of Remote Sensing, located at Dehra Dun gives PG Diploma course of 10-months to 4-days decision makers courses. The NRSA Headquarters at Hyderabad has a Training Division, which organizes similar training courses as well as custom made courses. NRSA has collaboration with ITC, The Netherlands for training. NRSA is a one-stop center for all the users for remote sensing data solutions. Main courses can be categorized as.. (...Read on)

Listing of all GIS courses in India:

Learn about all Certificate/Degree courses from fundamentals to PhD levels. (...Read on)

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____FATHER OF GIS___
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Dr. Roger Tomlinson, generally recognized as the "father of GIS," is known as a visionary geographer who conceived and developed GIS for use by the Canada Land Inventory. His pioneering work, beginning in the early1960s, changed the face of geography as a discipline and he was awarded an ... Read more